Atmosphere of Earth

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Atmosphere of Earth

An atmosphere is a layer of gas or layers of gases that envelope a planet, and is held in place by the gravity of the planetary body. A planet retains an atmosphere when the gravity is great and the temperature of the atmosphere is low. The atmosphere of Earth is composed of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), argon (0.9%), carbon dioxide (0.04%) and trace gases.

earth atmospher

The composition of the Earth’s atmosphere changes with the altitude. The major constituents of the Earth’s atmosphere are;

  • Nitrogen – 78.09%
  • Oxygen – 20.95%
  • Argon – 0.93%
  • Carbon Dioxide – 0.039% (remaining other gasses)

The pressure exerted by the weight of air at a given point is known as "“"Atmospheric Pressure" or "Barometric Pressure."

With increasing altitude, the atmospheric pressure decreases.

On an average, a column of air (which is normally one square centimeter in cross-section), measured at the sea level, has the weight of about 1.03 kg (about 10.1 N).

The Average Air Pressure is about 14.70 pounds per square inch, (equivalent to 1,013.25 × 103 dynes per square centimeter or 1,013.25 millibars) at the sea level.

A visible mass of condensed vapor floating above the general level of the ground is known as Cloud.

Based on the altitude, cloud is classified as;

  • High Altitude Cloud: For example, Cirrus, Cirrocumulus, & Cirrostratus.
  • Middle Altitude Cloud: For example, Altostratus and Altocumulus.
  • Low Altitude Cloud: Stratus, Stratocumulus, Cumulus, and Nimbostratus (it can be also seen in the middle altitude).
  • Vertical: Cumulonimbus

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