Data Type in Java

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Object and Class in Java Variable in Java

Data Type in Java

Datatype is a spacial keyword used to allocate sufficient memory space for the data, in other words Data type is used for representing the data in main memory (RAM) of the computer.

In general every programming language is containing three categories of data types. They are

  • Fundamental or primitive data types
  • Derived data types
  • User defined data types.
datatype in java

Primitive data types

Primitive data types are those whose variables allows us to store only one value but they never allows us to store multiple values of same type. This is a data type whose variable can hold maximum one value at a time.

Example

int a;  // valid
a=10;  // valid
a=10, 20, 30;  // invalid

Here "a" store only one value at a time because it is primitive type variable.

Derived data types

Derived data types are those whose variables allow us to store multiple values of same type. But they never allows to store multiple values of different types. These are the data type whose variable can hold more than one value of similar type. In general derived data type can be achieve using array.

Example

int  a[] = {10,20,30};  // valid
int b[] = {100, 'A', "ABC"};   //  invalid

Here derived data type store only same type of data at a time not store integer, character and string at same time.

User defined data types

User defined data types are those which are developed by programmers by making use of appropriate features of the language.

User defined data types related variables allows us to store multiple values either of same type or different type or both. This is a data type whose variable can hold more than one value of dissimilar type, in java it is achieved using class concept.

Note: In java both derived and user defined data type combined name as reference data type.

In C language, user defined data types can be developed by using struct, union, enum etc. In java programming user defined datatype can be developed by using the features of classes and interfaces.

Example

Student  s = new  Student();

In java we have eight data type which are organized in four groups. They are

  • Integer category data types
  • Character category data types
  • Float category data types
  • Boolean category data types

Integer category data types

These category data types are used for storing integer data in the main memory of computer by allocating sufficient amount of memory space.

Integer category data types are divided into four types which are given in following table

Data TypeSizeRange
1Byte1+ 127 to -128
2Short2+ 32767 to -32768
3Int4+ x to - (x+1)
4Long8+ y to - (y+1)

Character category data types

A character is an identifier which is enclosed within single quotes. In java to represent character data, we use a data type called char. This data type takes two byte since it follows Unicode character set.


Data TypeSize(Byte)Range
Char2232767 to -32768

Why Java take 2 byte of memory for store character ?

Java support more than 18 international languages so java take 2 byte for characters, because for 18 international language 1 byte of memory is not sufficient for storing all characters and symbols present in 18 languages. Java supports Unicode but c support ascii code. In ascii code only English language are present, so for storing all English latter and symbols 1 byte is sufficient. Unicode character set is one which contains all the characters which are available in 18 international languages and it contains 65536 characters

Float category data types

Float category data type are used for representing float values. This category contains two data types, they are in the given table


Data TypeSizeRangeNumber of decimal places
Float4+2147483647 to -2147483648 8
Double8+ 9.223*101816

Boolean category data types

Boolean category data type is used for representing or storing logical values is true or false. In java programming to represent Boolean values or logical values, we use a data type called Boolean.

Why Boolean data types take zero byte of memory ?

Boolean data type takes zero bytes of main memory space because Boolean data type of java implemented by Sun Micro System with a concept of flip - flop. A flip - flop is a general purpose register which stores one bit of information (one true and zero false).

Note: In C, C++ (Turbo) Boolean data type is not available for representing true false values but a true value can be treated as non-zero value and false values can be represented by zero

Data TypeDefault ValueDefault size
booleanfalse1 bit
char'\u0000'2 byte
byte01 byte
short02 byte
int04 byte
long0L8 byte
float0.0f4 byte
double0.0d8 byte

Object and Class in Java Variable in Java

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